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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | EXAMPLES | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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STRTOK(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual STRTOK(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
strtok, strtok_r — split string into tokens
#include <string.h>
char *strtok(char *restrict s1, const char *restrict s2);
char *strtok_r(char *restrict s, const char *restrict sep,
char **restrict lasts);
For strtok(): The functionality described on this reference page is
aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the
requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional.
This volume of POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.
A sequence of calls to strtok() breaks the string pointed to by s1
into a sequence of tokens, each of which is delimited by a byte from
the string pointed to by s2. The first call in the sequence has s1
as its first argument, and is followed by calls with a null pointer
as their first argument. The separator string pointed to by s2 may be
different from call to call.
The first call in the sequence searches the string pointed to by s1
for the first byte that is not contained in the current separator
string pointed to by s2. If no such byte is found, then there are no
tokens in the string pointed to by s1 and strtok() shall return a
null pointer. If such a byte is found, it is the start of the first
token.
The strtok() function then searches from there for a byte that is
contained in the current separator string. If no such byte is found,
the current token extends to the end of the string pointed to by s1,
and subsequent searches for a token shall return a null pointer. If
such a byte is found, it is overwritten by a NUL character, which
terminates the current token. The strtok() function saves a pointer
to the following byte, from which the next search for a token shall
start.
Each subsequent call, with a null pointer as the value of the first
argument, starts searching from the saved pointer and behaves as
described above.
The implementation shall behave as if no function defined in this
volume of POSIX.1‐2008 calls strtok().
The strtok() function need not be thread-safe.
The strtok_r() function considers the null-terminated string s as a
sequence of zero or more text tokens separated by spans of one or
more characters from the separator string sep. The argument lasts
points to a user-provided pointer which points to stored information
necessary for strtok_r() to continue scanning the same string.
In the first call to strtok_r(), s points to a null-terminated
string, sep to a null-terminated string of separator characters, and
the value pointed to by lasts is ignored. The strtok_r() function
shall return a pointer to the first character of the first token,
write a null character into s immediately following the returned
token, and update the pointer to which lasts points.
In subsequent calls, s is a null pointer and lasts shall be unchanged
from the previous call so that subsequent calls shall move through
the string s, returning successive tokens until no tokens remain. The
separator string sep may be different from call to call. When no
token remains in s, a null pointer shall be returned.
Upon successful completion, strtok() shall return a pointer to the
first byte of a token. Otherwise, if there is no token, strtok()
shall return a null pointer.
The strtok_r() function shall return a pointer to the token found, or
a null pointer when no token is found.
No errors are defined.
The following sections are informative.
Searching for Word Separators
The following example searches for tokens separated by <space>
characters.
#include <string.h>
...
char *token;
char line[] = "LINE TO BE SEPARATED";
char *search = " ";
/* Token will point to "LINE". */
token = strtok(line, search);
/* Token will point to "TO". */
token = strtok(NULL, search);
Find First two Fields in a Buffer
The following example uses strtok() to find two character strings (a
key and data associated with that key) separated by any combination
of <space>, <tab>, or <newline> characters at the start of the array
of characters pointed to by buffer.
#include <string.h>
...
char *buffer;
...
struct element {
char *key;
char *data;
} e;
...
// Load the buffer...
...
// Get the key and its data...
e.key = strtok(buffer, " \t\n");
e.data = strtok(NULL, " \t\n");
// Process the rest of the contents of the buffer...
...
The strtok_r() function is thread-safe and stores its state in a
user-supplied buffer instead of possibly using a static data area
that may be overwritten by an unrelated call from another thread.
The strtok() function searches for a separator string within a larger
string. It returns a pointer to the last substring between separator
strings. This function uses static storage to keep track of the
current string position between calls. The new function, strtok_r(),
takes an additional argument, lasts, to keep track of the current
position in the string.
None.
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, string.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1
applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the
source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 STRTOK(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: string.h(0p), localeconv(3p)
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